Nutrition for your senior dog and your senior cat.

We all want to age gracefully and in good health. In our family we have two dogs who are now considered mature: Disco, Dr. Slaton's English Mastiff who is nine years old (life expectancy for this large breed is eight), and our Rocky, a Bichon Frisé, who is almost fifteen years old (life expectancy for this small breed is between fourteen and eighteen years of age). Given their current life stage, they are now showing senior issues or at least changes in their behavior, therefore their care and nutrition have to evolve as well. Disco has slowed down quite a bit, he has become very mellow and he likes to sleep a lot. He has however, one difficult problem, he can't control his bowel movements all the time. Rocky on the other hand, seems to have neurological problems (light seizures, he no longer allows carefree caresses on his head). They are both being closely monitored by our excellent and trusted veterinarian Dr. Slaton at Westlake Village Animal Hospital. Besides close monitoring, regular checkups and medications, we have to turn to diet, exercise and lots of love to alleviate as much as possible these issues.

Senior dogs and cats gradually show a decreased activity level, a reduction in metabolic rate and less efficient digestive tract, kidneys and other organs. Dogs and cats, both tend to gain weight as they mature. Therefore we have to take steps to reduce the amount of food given while at the same time keeping their foods very palatable and digestible. Select foods that are designed for senior dogs and cats such as Science diet, Pedigree, Holistic Select® and Purina.

Feed less fat, maintain activities
Diets for older dogs and cats should contain fewer calories, less fat, in order to regulate weight.  Additionally, dogs and cats as they age tend to become less active and their metabolism slows down. Dogs and especially cats, as a result of less activity become overweight. Regular, daily activities are important for weight control and general health. Dogs have their daily walks which help a lot and some breeds continue to enjoy daily play. As for cats, especially indoor cats, their toys, their cat trees and kitty plays with their owner or by themselves should be encouraged.

Read the label content of their food
The  protein they eat has to be very digestible in order to be used properly. Vitamins and minerals are very important for the senior pet. They should be easily absorbed by the body.

If your pet has arthritis
Many older pets suffer from arthritis. Maintaining good weight provides less stress on the bones and joints.
Try to include glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate as well as omega 3 fatty acids to reduce the stress on the joints.

Monitor your pet's immune functions
Today some foods contain Probiotics, multiple antioxidants and Omega 3 fatty acids. They all aid in the digestion and to keep your senior pet immune functions

Make sure your pet stays hydrated
All animals should be encouraged to drink adequate water. Canned foods offer more hydration than dry foods. Especially cats, they must consume significant amounts of water in order to maintain good kidney function and reduce the incidence of urinary tract problems (excess crystals, blockages).

How often to feed
Feeding twice daily is preferred for a mature pet, rather than feeding once a day or from an on-going apparatus.

Monitor your pet's teeth and gums
Have their teeth and gums checked twice a year. Gum disease can cause discomfort and lead to serious problems. Go to Westlake Village Animal Hospital for a non-anesthetic teeth cleaning.

Know your pet!
In conclusion, when considering a diet specifically for a senior dog or cat, the most important factor you need to be aware of is knowing your pet. A past injury or illness may require special consideration as to his or her diet. The following factors may involve a special diet: Where you live, what climate your senior pet is used to, whether your pet is overweight or underweight, whether your pet has dental issues, whether your pet is getting enough exercise, whether your pet has arthritis, whether your pet has a heart problem, a kidney problem, allergies etc.

Have a good veterinarian you trust!
If your dog or cat has a medical condition such as heart, kidney disease, diabetes, or allergies, your veterinarian may recommend a special diet that addresses these issues.

Finally, there may be other particular issues to consider before selecting the proper diet for your pet. Always rely on your trusted veterinarian for advice when it comes to the specific issues relevant to your pet. Your veterinarian is not only aware of  the issues you have, but he or she is also very familiar with your individual pet.